2021 AP English Literature and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary ® Inside: Free Response Question 2 •• Scoring Guideline •• Student SamplesFree-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Test Prep Books' AP English Language and Composition 2021 - 2022: AP English Language and Composition Study Guide with Practice Test Questions [3rd Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the AP English Language exam. This comprehensive study guide includes:The response uniformly offers evidence to support all claims in its line of reasoning. Paragraph 2 explicates Obama’s use of repetition (e.g., “in lines 34−35 while discussing the determination of the boycotters Obama says,AP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Literary Argument 6 points . Many works of literature feature characters who accept or reject a hierarchical structure. This hierarchy may be social, economic, political, or familial, or it may apply to some other kind of structure.45 The AP English Language and Composition Exam 46 Summary of Scoring Rubrics 47Sample AP English Language and Composition Exam Questions 47 Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 64 Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 65 Sample Free-Response Questions 78References 79AP English Language and Composition Course at a Glance 4 Return to the Table of ...AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.Use the resources available to read and practice answering real AP® questions. There are free-response questions from past exams, along with example responses, and scoring on CollegeBoard. Albert.io offers model AP® style questions for various topics. Read different prompts, write practice essays and improve your performance.AP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York TimesAP®English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time—2 hours and 15 minutes 3 Questions Question 1 Suggested reading and writing time—55 minutes It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the question, analyzing and evaluating the sources, and 40 minutes writing your respo...English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISHLANGUAGEANDCOMPOSITION SECTIONII Totaltime—2hoursand15minutes. 3Questions. Question1 Suggestedreadingandwritingtime—55minutes Itissuggestedthatyouspend15minutesr eadingthequestion,analyzingandevaluatingthesources, and40minuteswritingyourresponse. Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.Original free-response prompts for AP® English Language that mimic the questions found on the real exam. Our expert authors also provide an exemplary response for each AP free response question so students can better understand what AP graders look for.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.AP English Language Practice Exams Free Response Notes Vocab Study Guides. We have links to all of the online AP English Language & Composition practice exams. This is the best way to prepare for your AP Lang exam. Choose from the list below to get started on your test prep right now!Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...The response uniformly offers evidence to support all claims in its line of reasoning. Paragraph 2 explicates Obama’s use of repetition (e.g., “in lines 34−35 while discussing the determination of the boycotters Obama says,The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...The following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors. Course. AP English Language and Composition is a course in the study of rhetoric taken in high school. Many schools offer this course primarily to juniors and the AP English Literature and Composition course to seniors. Other schools reverse the order, and some offer both courses to both juniors and seniors.The AP® Language and Composition exam tests your ability to not only read content, but also to analyze what you have read and draw conclusions to present in an argument. The test consists of two parts: multiple choice and free response, and it lasts 3 hours and 15 minutes. It is a long and difficult test, but with the right amount of practice ...The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...Updated: January 16, 2023. The 2023 AP exams will take place over a two-week period in May: May 1–5 and May 8–12. The AP English Language and Composition exam for 2023 will be a full-length paper-and-pencil exam that students can take in school only. Here is what you need to know to do well in the upcoming AP English Language exam.Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points . As the Internet age changes what and how people read, there has been considerable debate about the future of public libraries. While some commentators question whether libraries can stay relevant, others see new possibilities for libraries in the changing dynamics of today’s society.simplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence and development. 0 – Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely blank response.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions.Format of the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam. This year, all AP exams will cover all units and essay types. The 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam format will be: Section I: Multiple Choice - 45% of your score. 45 questions in 1 hour. Section II: Free Response Section - 55% of your score. 2 hours and 15 minutes for: 1 ...AP ® United States History 2022 Free-Response Questions UNITEDSTATESHISTORY SECTIONI,PartB Time—40minutes Directions: AnswerQuestion1 and Question2.Answer either Question3 or Question4.Explore how the AP exam is scored and what a passing AP score is. By. Whitney Sandoval. Edited by. Tyler Epps. Published on March 3, 2022. Learn more about our editorial process.AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd. Susan Chu. Updated: January 16, 2023. The 2023 AP exams will take place over a two-week period in May: May 1–5 and May 8–12. The AP English Literature and Composition exam for 2023 will be a full-length paper-and-pencil exam that students can take in school only. Here is what you need to know to do well in the upcoming AP English Literature ...3 questions. 2 hours and 15 minutes. 55%. The AP® English Language exam was updated beginning in the 2020 exam year — these changes remain in place for the 2023 exam year. The number of multiple choice questions has been reduced to 45, while the time limit remains one hour.45 The AP English Language and Composition Exam 46 Summary of Scoring Rubrics 47Sample AP English Language and Composition Exam Questions 47 Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 64 Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 65 Sample Free-Response Questions 78References 79AP English Language and Composition Course at a Glance 4 Return to the Table of ...Mar 24, 2023 · 3 questions. 2 hours and 15 minutes. 55%. The AP® English Language exam was updated beginning in the 2020 exam year — these changes remain in place for the 2023 exam year. The number of multiple choice questions has been reduced to 45, while the time limit remains one hour. AP English Literature and Composition Prose Fiction Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses 3 Sample B [1] The author uses vivid imagery, subtle characterization, and deeply personal anecdotes to describe how Philip is more open to forgiving his grandfather for the past than he may realize.2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 2 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring CommentaryTest Prep Books' AP English Language and Composition 2021 - 2022: AP English Language and Composition Study Guide with Practice Test Questions [3rd Edition] Made by Test Prep Books experts for test takers trying to achieve a great score on the AP English Language exam. This comprehensive study guide includes:AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses 3 pathos and emotion, reminding the people of a common love for one’s country and president, and an admiring tone towards Kennedy, he was able to secure the funds to support the library and museum in Kennedy’s honor.Open Prompts Grouped, Poetry Prompts Grouped, and Prose Prompts Grouped. Advanced Placement® Language Tests All Three AP Language Free Response Prompts, 1970 to 2023, as PDF. AP Language Prose Passages, 1982 to 2023, as PDF (Thanks to Chris Godat). Overview of AP Language Stable Prompts, as PDF and as PowerPoint. DropBox Filessimplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence. 0. Indicates an off-topic response, one t hat merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely b lank response.2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 3 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • •Scoring CommentarySynthesis Essay Materials. The two synthesis essay questions below are examples of the question type that has been one of the three free-response questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam as of the May 2007 exam. The synthesis question asks students to synthesize information from a variety of sources to inform their own ...The AP Language and Composition exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section with 45 questions, and a free-response section with three essay questions—one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. But not all AP Lang practice tests are like the real exam, and they aren't all of equal quality.Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention fromAP® English Literature and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 2: Prose Fiction Analysis 6 points . The following excerpt is from Linda Hogan’s novel . People of the Whale, published in 2008. In this passage, the narrator describes two events that occurOriginal free-response prompts for AP® English Language that mimic the questions found on the real exam. Our expert authors also provide an exemplary response for each AP free response question so students can better understand what AP graders look for.Section 2: Free Response. 3 questions 55% of Score. The 2 hour and 15 minute time limit for this section includes a 15-minute reading period. In the free-response section, you’ll respond to three questions with written answers. This section tests your skill in composition in three areas: The AP Language and Composition exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section with 45 questions, and a free-response section with three essay questions—one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. But not all AP Lang practice tests are like the real exam, and they aren't all of equal quality.Advanced Placement® Language and Literature Tests from 1970 to 2023. AP Language and LiteratureTests Reorganized: Each prompt is now a separate dated file with prompt, scoring guide (6-point and/or 9-point), sample student essays, comments -- whatever I have, attached. Released multiple-choice exams are in a separate folder.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.Note: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from2022 AP ® ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS The following is a list excepted from an article discussing how social media can benefit humanity. 1. Getting Involved In Charity Campaigns Some charities are using social media in ingenious ways, both to raise awareness of an issue and to get donations for great cauAP English Language and Composition 2020 Free-Response Scoring Guidelines (applied to 2019 questions) Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points . In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from governments and consumers as aAP®English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time—2 hours and 15 minutes 3 Questions Question 1 Suggested reading and writing time—55 minutes It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the question, analyzing and evaluating the sources, and 40 minutes writing your respo...AP®English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time—2 hours and 15 minutes 3 Questions Question 1 Suggested reading and writing time—55 minutes It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the question, analyzing and evaluating the sources, and 40 minutes writing your respo...The following comments on the 2022 free-response questions for AP ® English Language and Composition were written by the Chief Reader Akua Duku Anokye, Associate Professor, Arizona State University. They give an overview of each free-response question and of how students performed on the question, including typical student errors.AP English Literature and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions Author: ETS Subject: Free-Response Questions from the 2021 AP English Literature and Composition Exam Keywords: English Literature and Composition; Free-Response Questions; 2021; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date: 20191003081438ZThe response uniformly offers evidence to support all claims in its line of reasoning. Paragraph 2 explicates Obama’s use of repetition (e.g., “in lines 34−35 while discussing the determination of the boycotters Obama says,College Board has released the prompts for the 2022 AP English Language FRQs. We'll be breaking down those free-response questions in this video.AP English L...The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...3 questions. 2 hours and 15 minutes. 55%. The AP® English Language exam was updated beginning in the 2020 exam year — these changes remain in place for the 2023 exam year. The number of multiple choice questions has been reduced to 45, while the time limit remains one hour.AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Analysis Free-Response Question (2020) Sample Student Responses . 3 . Sample B [1] On April 9, 1964, United States First Lady Claudia Johnson gave a speech in honor of Eleanor Roosevelt. She spoke to those in attendance of the luncheon, specifically talking to the women within the crowd.AP® English Language and Composition 2005 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.Explore how the AP exam is scored and what a passing AP score is. By. Whitney Sandoval. Edited by. Tyler Epps. Published on March 3, 2022. Learn more about our editorial process.Made for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every skill and/or required reading as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page.The Ultimate AP® English Language Reading List. The Albert Team. Last Updated On: March 1, 2022. Within the AP English Language curriculum are certain books that will assist you in answering free response questions during the exam as well as some of the multiple choice questions. By being well-read you can get a leg up on the other students ...AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade.AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description. This is the core document for this course. Unit guides clearly lay out the course content and skills and recommend sequencing and pacing for them throughout the year. The CED was updated in the summer of 2020 to include scoring guidelines for the example questions.AP English Language Scoring Rubric, Free-Response Question 1-3 | SG 1 Scoring Rubric for Question 1: Synthesis Essay 6 points Reporting Category Scoring Criteria Row A Thesis (0-1 points) 4.B 0 points For any of the following: • There is no defensible thesis. • The intended thesis only restates the prompt.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. AP® English Language and Composition 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and other educational ...The response uniformly offers evidence to support all claims in its line of reasoning. Paragraph 2 explicates Obama’s use of repetition (e.g., “in lines 34−35 while discussing the determination of the boycotters Obama says,simplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence and development. 0 – Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. — Indicates an entirely blank response.Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. AP® English Language and Composition 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Argument Essay 6 points . Colin Powell, a four-star general and former United States secretary of state, wrote in his 1995 autobiography: “[W]e do not have the luxury of collecting information indefinitely. At some point, before we can have every possible fact in hand, we have to ... Format of the 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam. This year, all AP exams will cover all units and essay types. The 2024 AP English Language and Composition exam format will be: Section I: Multiple Choice - 45% of your score. 45 questions in 1 hour. Section II: Free Response Section - 55% of your score. 2 hours and 15 minutes for: 1 ...English Literature and Composition 202 AP® 2 Scoring Guidelines . Question 1: Poetry Analysis 6 points . In Richard Blanco’s poem “Shaving,” published in 1998, the speaker writes about the act of shaving. Read the poem carefully. Then, in a well-writtenAP® English Language and Composition 2005 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.The AP Language and Composition exam has two sections: a multiple-choice section with 45 questions, and a free-response section with three essay questions—one synthesis prompt, one analysis prompt, and one argument prompt. But not all AP Lang practice tests are like the real exam, and they aren't all of equal quality.Responses to this question were designed to demonstrate choice, comprehension, and ability to develop and support a claim. While the first two free-response questions build on a supplied text, this question includes both the opportunity and the challenge for students to choose a work to discuss. The framework for that choice wasResponses to this question were designed to demonstrate choice, comprehension, and ability to develop and support a claim. While the first two free-response questions build on a supplied text, this question includes both the opportunity and the challenge for students to choose a work to discuss. The framework for that choice was
Includes 5 sets of questions: 23–25 Reading questions that ask students to read and analyze nonfiction texts. 20–22 Writing questions that ask students to “read like a writer” and consider revisions to stimulus texts. Section II: Free Response. 3 Questions | 2 hours 15 minutes (includes a 15-minute reading period | 55% of Exam Score. Whatsapp image 2021 05 03 at 03.18.20.jpeg
The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...Albert features hundreds of AP-aligned AP® English Language practice questions and free response questions for you to study as you prepare for your AP® exam. Use Albert to study at your own convenience. Deliberate practice works! Students who used Albert for AP® English Language have beat the national pass rates by 13.61%.This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) Many high schools, colleges, and universities have honor codes or honor systems: sets of rules or principles that are intended to cultivate integrity.Made for any learning environment, AP teachers can assign these short videos on every skill and/or required reading as homework alongside topic questions, warm-ups, lectures, reviews, and more. AP students can also access videos on their own for additional support. Videos are available in AP Classroom, on your Course Resources page.AP®English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION SECTION II Total time—2 hours and 15 minutes 3 Questions Question 1 Suggested reading and writing time—55 minutes It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the question, analyzing and evaluating the sources, and 40 minutes writing your respo...The thesis is stated at the end of paragraph 1: “Cursive handwriting, though it may seem outdated in the digital age, is vital in society not only because it promotes cognitive development, but because it can be used to define a2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 2 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring Commentary2022 AP Lit FRQ 3: Accepting or Rejecting Hierarchical Structure . Part 4 of 4. Written by Michelle Lindsey. With AP Literature testing finally over and the College Board finally releasing the Free Response Questions, it’s time to talk about Question 3. Fortunately for my kids, we had a class discussion recapping the novels we read throughout ...The AP English Literature and Composition Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. There will also be a consistent range of difficulty in the reading passages across all versions of the exam from year to year. The free-response questions will be ...Exam Review - Synthesis Essay. Overcome the synthesis essay in AP English Language and Composition exam! We will guide you through the exam structure, scoring rubrics, creating an outline, and managing your time, Supplemented with practice prompts, we give tips on showing sophistication and devloping your introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.AP® English Language and Composition Directions for Administration The AP English Language and Composition Exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes in length and consists of a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. • The 60-minute multiple-choice section (Section I) contains 54 questions and accounts for 45 percent of the final grade. English Language and Composition 2022 Free-Response Questions ENGLISHLANGUAGEANDCOMPOSITION SECTIONII Totaltime—2hoursand15minutes. 3Questions. Question1 Suggestedreadingandwritingtime—55minutes Itissuggestedthatyouspend15minutesr eadingthequestion,analyzingandevaluatingthesources, and40minuteswritingyourresponse. The response uniformly offers evidence to support all claims in its line of reasoning. Paragraph 2 explicates Obama’s use of repetition (e.g., “in lines 34−35 while discussing the determination of the boycotters Obama says,2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 1 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring CommentaryEnglish Language and Composition; Free-Response Questions; 2022; exam resources; exam information; teaching resources; exam practice Created Date 9/20/2021 8:04:57 AMNote: You may begin writing your response before the reading period is over. (This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.) In response to our society’s increasing demand for energy, large-scale wind power has drawn attention from2022 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free-Response Question 2 Scoring Guidelines Student Samples Scoring CommentaryAP ® English Language and Composition 2021 Free-Response Questions. Source C . Trubek, Anne. “Handwriting Just Doesn’t Matter.” The New York Times2021 AP ® English Language and Composition Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Free Response Question 1 • Scoring Guideline • Student Samples • Scoring Commentary.
Popular Topics
- Cinemark west springfieldEmory at dunwoody family medicine photos
- Teacup chihuahua for sale under dollar500 near meI 485 transferred to lee
- J and r party hallJocelyn
- RecoverW lee o
- Hotels near me for under dollar50Kobalt 40 volt
- Luxury apartments atlanta under dollar1500Golden corral buffet and grill springfield menu
- 12 gauge to 30 30 adapter180 99